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Servant Leadership

Servant leadership is a leadership approach centered on serving the needs of team members to achieve excellent organizational performance. Introduced by Robert K. Greenleaf in 1977, this style emphasizes a leader’s responsibility in influencing others through their decisions and actions.

Servant leaders motivate by aiding personal and professional growth of subordinates to fulfill a desire for a positive impact. A 2008 study by scholars Robert C. Liden, Sandy J. Wayne, Hao Zhao, and David Henderson identified nine key traits of servant leaders, including emotional healing, community service, conceptual skills, empowerment, subordinate growth, prioritizing subordinates, ethical behavior, relationship-building, and self-sacrifice for servanthood.

Research shows that servant leadership can lead to higher organizational commitment, improved performance, and reduced staff turnover.

Charismatic Leadership

Charismatic leadership is a style that motivates others through the leader’s personality, persuasive skills, and communication abilities. It is similar to transformational leadership in its goal to generate enthusiasm for a vision or goal. Charismatic leaders are distinguished by their compelling articulation of a vision, which reflects their strong convictions and self-confidence, as well as their faith in their team’s capabilities. This can lead to taking greater risks.

Charismatic leadership is linked to better organizational performance because followers often feel more confident and find more meaning in their work. They are also motivated by their association with the leader. However, this leadership style can have drawbacks. Charismatic leaders may become authoritarian or self-centered due to their focus on their own personality and power needs. This can lead to exaggerated self-perceptions and decision-making that involves undue risks.

Source: The Wake Up Call research commissioned by The Concord Leadership Group written by Adrian Sargeant, PhD and Harriet Day (2018).