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Servant Leadership

Servant leadership is a leadership approach centered on serving the needs of team members to achieve excellent organizational performance. Introduced by Robert K. Greenleaf in 1977, this style emphasizes a leader’s responsibility in influencing others through their decisions and actions.

Servant leaders motivate by aiding personal and professional growth of subordinates to fulfill a desire for a positive impact. A 2008 study by scholars Robert C. Liden, Sandy J. Wayne, Hao Zhao, and David Henderson identified nine key traits of servant leaders, including emotional healing, community service, conceptual skills, empowerment, subordinate growth, prioritizing subordinates, ethical behavior, relationship-building, and self-sacrifice for servanthood.

Research shows that servant leadership can lead to higher organizational commitment, improved performance, and reduced staff turnover.

Transactional Leadership

Transactional leadership is a pragmatic style where leaders incentivize performance by offering rewards for clear, contractually agreed-upon tasks. It has been shown to sometimes be as effective as transformational leadership in achieving good employee outcomes.

This leadership style motivates by setting clear goals and providing rewards, which can lead to a sense of fairness and trust in the organization. It consists of two main practices: clearly defining roles and rewarding the fulfillment of these roles, and actively managing and correcting standards when necessary.

Source: The Wake Up Call research commissioned by The Concord Leadership Group written by Adrian Sargeant, PhD and Harriet Day (2018).